Haapalah / Aliyah Bet

Created in 1912, in Saint Petersburg, by doctors, Œuvre de secours aux enfants (OSE) was originally called Obshchetsvo Zdravookhraneniya Yevreyiev, Organisation for the health protection of Jews (OZE).
The mandate of OZE was to help needy members of the Jewish population.
Branches were established in other countries.

In 1923, Obshchetsvo Zdravookhraneniya Yevreyiev, Organisation for the health protection of Jews (OZE) relocated in Berlin, under the presidency of Albert Einstein.

In 1933,OZE relocated to France, where it became the Œuvre de Secours aux Enfants Society for Rescuing Children (OSE).
OSE ran orphanages for Jewish children whose parents were either in Nazi concentration camps, or had been killed.

In March, 1939, transports brought German Jewish children to France.
They found refuge in OSE homes, like Château de Chabannes, in Chabannes, where 400 Jewish children were saved from the Holocaust.
Other OSE children's homes in France during World War II:
* Château de Quincy
* Château du Masgelier
* Château de Chaumont
* Le Couret, La Jonchère
* Villa La Chesnaie, Eaubonne
* Villa Helvetia, Montmorency
* Château de la Hille, Château de la Mille
* Mas-Jambot
* Château Maubuisson
* Château Montintin
* Château Montpellier
* Château des Morelles at Broût-Vernet
* Les Tourelles

In June-September, 1941, three transports brought about 200 children from the OSE homes to the United States., sponsored by the United States Committee for the Care of European Children, The Jewish Children's Aid, and assisted by the American Friends Service Committee (Quakers) in Marseille.