Birnbaum

The book provides a highly original account of the Franco-Jewish political and administrative elite—generals, politicians, judges, magistrates, and prefects—from the final decades of the nineteenth century to the Vichy regime.
United by an extensive network of family relations and a fierce devotion to secular republicanism, these Jews of Statemdistinguished from their predecessors, court Jews, who were more oriented toward the world of business and banking, formed a group that perpetuated itself over three generations.