Birnbaum

Коломия
Kolomyia
Kolomyya
Kołomyja
Коломыя
Kolomea
קולומיאה
Colomeea

Kolomyia is located on the Prut River in the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (province), in western Ukraine.
It is the administrative center of the Kolomyisky Raion (district), and the city is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast.
The city is approximately halfway between Lviv and Chernivtsi, in the center of the region of Pokuttya.

In 1772, Kołomyia was annexed by Austria.
Austria restricted Jewish trade in lumber and salt, and imposed special taxes on Jews for marriage permits, kosher meat, synagogues, and similar items.Marriage was restricted to the oldest Jewish son, and quotas were placed on number of Jewish families that could reside in Galicia.
In the 1790s, Jews, who had been subjected to conscription to the Austro-Hungarian army, had conscription abolished, replaced by a 30 zloty levy for each Jewish man of military age.
In 1797, secular education was mandated for Jews.
In 1812, the Jewish population was 2,033.
In 1814, Jews were prohibited from publishing or importing Hebrew and Yiddish books.
In 1834, Jews of Austria were forbidden to have first names of Christian saints.
In 1860, Jews were finally allowed to own real estate and buy houses.

In of September and October 1941, Initial street executions took the lives of approximately 500 Jews.
The following year the remaining Jews were massed in a local ghetto, and then murdered in various concentration camps, mostly in Bełżec.
Several hundred Jews were kept as slave workers in a work camp, and then murdered in 1943 in a forest near Szeparowka.